Meloxicam Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Warnings

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to manage pain and inflammation associated with various forms of arthritis. This comprehensive guide will cover the uses, dosage, side effects, and warnings related to meloxicam, providing you with essential information to understand this medication better.

Uses of Meloxicam

Meloxicam is primarily used to treat the following conditions:

1. Osteoarthritis: Meloxicam helps alleviate pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints affected by osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease12.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis: It reduces inflammation and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation in the joints12.
3. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Meloxicam is also used to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children, helping to manage symptoms and improve mobility3.

Dosage Information

Adult Dosage

• Osteoarthritis: The typical starting dose is 7.5 mg once daily. This can be increased to 15 mg if needed4.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: The usual dose is 7.5 mg to 15 mg once daily4.

Pediatric Dosage

• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: For children aged 2 years and older, the dosage is based on body weight. The usual dose is 0.125 mg/kg once daily, up to a maximum of 7.5 mg per day3.

Special Populations

• Elderly Patients: Elderly patients may require lower doses due to an increased risk of side effects. The lowest effective dose should be used5.
• Renal Impairment: In patients with mild to moderate kidney dysfunction, no dosage adjustment is typically needed. However, caution is advised for those with severe kidney dysfunction5.

Side Effects

Meloxicam can cause various side effects, ranging from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain6.
• Skin Reactions: Including rash and itching6.
• Respiratory Issues: Such as cough and upper respiratory tract infections6.

Serious Side Effects

• Cardiovascular Events: Meloxicam may increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots, especially with long-term use or high doses78.
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Serious gastrointestinal events, including ulcers, bleeding, and perforation, can occur without warning symptoms58.
• Allergic Reactions: Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, can occur7.
• Skin Reactions: Serious skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, are rare but possible4.

Warnings and Precautions

Cardiovascular Risks

Meloxicam carries a black box warning for increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes. This risk is higher in patients with a history of heart disease or those taking the drug long-term at high doses78.

Gastrointestinal Risks

There is an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation, which can be fatal. Elderly patients and those with a history of peptic ulcer disease are at higher risk58.

Allergic Reactions

Meloxicam can cause severe allergic reactions. Patients with a known allergy to NSAIDs should avoid meloxicam7.

Drug Interactions

Meloxicam can interact with several medications, including:

• Anticoagulants: Such as warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding9.
• Corticosteroids: Increasing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects9.
• ACE Inhibitors: Such as benazepril and enalapril, which may decrease renal function when used with meloxicam9.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Meloxicam should be avoided in the third trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus. It is also not recommended during breastfeeding as it can pass into breast milk2.

Conclusion

Meloxicam is an effective NSAID for managing pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. However, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects and risks, especially regarding cardiovascular and gastrointestinal health. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new medication to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your individual needs.